Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 3088-3095Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl500130e
Keywords
Lithium-ion battery; solid electrolyte interphase (SEI); silicon nanowire; fracture; surface morphology; current density
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Funding
- Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]
- National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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Silicon anodes are of great interest for advanced lithium-ion battery applications due to their order of magnitude higher energy capacity than graphite. Below a critical diameter, silicon nanowires enable the similar to 300% volume expansion during lithiation without pulverization. However, their high surface-to-volume ratio is believed to contribute to fading of their capacity retention during cycling due to solid-electrolyte-interphase (SE!) growth on surfaces. To better understand this issue, previous studies have examined the composition and morphology of the SEI layers. Here we report direct measurements of the reduction in silicon nanowire diameter with number of cycles due to SEI formation. The results reveal significantly greater Si loss near the nanowire base. From the change in silicon volume we can accurately predict the measured specific capacity reduction for silicon nanowire half cells. The enhanced Si loss near the nanowire/metal current collector interface suggests new strategies for stabilizing nanowires for long cycle life performance.
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