Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages 6393-6399Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl502865s
Keywords
Black phosphorus; phosphorene; thermoelectric; anisotropic thermal conductance
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1207141]
- Faculty Development and Research Committee of Towson University (OSPR) [140269]
- FCSM Fisher General Endowment Fund of Towson University
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1207141] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Thermoelectric devices that utilize the Seebeck effect convert heat flow into electrical energy and are highly desirable for the development of portable, solid state, passively powered electronic systems. The conversion efficiencies of such devices are quantified by the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), which is proportional to the ratio of a devices electrical conductance to its thermal conductance. In this paper, a recently fabricated two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor called phosphorene (monolayer black phosphorus) is assessed for its thermoelectric capabilities. First-principles and model calculations reveal not only that phosphorene possesses a spatially anisotropic electrical conductance, but that its lattice thermal conductance exhibits a pronounced spatial-anisotropy as well. The prominent electrical and thermal conducting directions are orthogonal to one another, enhancing the ratio of these conductances. As a result, ZT may reach the criterion for commercial deployment along the armchair direction of phosphorene at T = 500 K and is close to 1 even at room temperature given moderate doping (similar to 2cx 10(16) m(-2) or 2 x10(12) cm(-2)). Ultimately, phosphorene hopefully stands out as an environmentally sound thermoelectric material with unprecedented qualities. Intrinsically, it is a mechanically flexible material that converts heat energy with high efficiency at low temperatures (similar to 300 K), one whose performance does not require any sophisticated engineering techniques.
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