Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 1330-1335Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl400223v
Keywords
Energy storage; redox flow battery; electrode; catalyst; vanadium
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) [57558]
- DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
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Employing electrolytes containing Bi3+, bismuth nanoparticles are synchronously electrodeposited onto the surface of a graphite felt electrode during operation of an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The influence of the Bi nanoparticles on the electrochemical performance of the VRFB is thoroughly investigated. It is confirmed that Bi is only present at the negative electrode and facilitates the redox reaction between V(II) and V(III). However, the Bi nanoparticles significantly improve the electrochemical performance of VRFB cells by enhancing the kinetics of the sluggish V(II)/V(III) redox reaction, especially under high power operation. The energy efficiency is increased by 11% at high current density (150 mA.cm(-2)) owing to faster charge transfer as compared with one without Bi. The results suggest that using Bi nanoparticles in place of noble metals offers great promise as high-performance electrodes for VRFB application.
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