Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 1265-1270Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl304795g
Keywords
Lithium sulfur batteries; energy storage; surface modification
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Funding
- Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering through the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory LDRD project [DE-AC02-76SF0051]
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Tremendous effort has been put into developing viable lithium sulfur batteries, due to their high specific energy and relatively low cost. Despite recent progress in addressing the various problems of sulfur cathodes, lithium sulfur batteries still exhibit significant capacity decay over cycling. Herein, we identify a new capacity fading mechanism of the sulfur cathodes, relating to LixS detachment from the carbon surface during the discharge process. This observation is confirmed by ex-situ transmission electron microscopy study and first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that this capacity fading mechanism can be overcome by introducing amphiphilic polymers to modify the carbon surface, rendering strong interactions between the nonpolar carbon and the polar LixS clusters. The modified sulfur cathode show excellent cycling performance with specific capacity close to 1180 mAh/g at C/5 current rate. Capacity retention of 80% is achieved over 300 cycles at C/2.
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