Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 1757-1763Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl4003443
Keywords
Graphene; quantum dots; electron tunneling; humidity sensor; nano arrays; microfibers
Categories
Funding
- NSF [CMMI-1054877, CMMI-0939523, CMMI-1030963]
- Office of Naval Research [N000141110767]
- Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research
- KSU start-up
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [0963448, 1054877] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1030963] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The two-dimensional (2D) electron cloud, flexible carbon carbon bonds, chemical modifiability, and size-dependent quantum confinement and capacitance makes graphene nanostructures (GN) a widely tunable material for electronics. Here we report the oxidation-led edge-roughening and cleavage of long graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) (150 nm wide) synthesized via nanotomy (nanoscale cutting) of graphite (with 2 nm edged diamond knife) to produce graphene quantum dots (GQD). These GQDs (similar to 100-200 nm) selectively interfaced with polyelectrolyte microfiber (diameter = 2-20 pm) form an electrically percolating-network exhibiting a characteristic Coulomb blockade signature with a dry tunneling distance of 0.58 nm and conduction activation energy of 3 meV. We implement this construct to demonstrate the functioning of humidity and pressure sensors and outline their governing model. Here, a 0.36 nm decrease in the average tunneling-barrier-width between GQDs (tunneling barrier = 5.11 eV) increases the conductivity of the device by 43-fold. These devices leverage the modulation in electron tunneling distances caused by pressure and humidity induced water transport across the hygroscopic polymer microfiber (Henry's constant = 0.215 Torr(-1)). This is the foremost example of GQD-based electronic sensors. We envision that this polymer-interfaced GQD percolating network will evolve a new class of sensors leveraging the low mass, low capacitance, high conductivity, and high sensitivity of GQD and the interfacial or dielectric properties of the polymer fiber.
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