Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 3909-3914Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl401995a
Keywords
Energy storage; sodium battery; surface driven reaction; oxygen functional group; nanocellular carbon foams
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering
- Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
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Sodium ion (Na+) batteries have attracted increased attention for energy storage due to the natural abundance of sodium, but their development is hindered by poor intercalation property of Na+ in electrodes. This paper reports a detailed study of high capacity, high rate sodium ion energy storage in functionalized high-surface-area nanocellular carbon foams (NCCF). The energy storage mechanism is surface-driven reactions between Na+ and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of NCCF. The surface reaction, rather than a Na+ bulk intercalation reaction, leads to high rate performance and cycling stability due to the enhanced reaction kinetics and the absence of electrode structure change. The NCCF makes more surface area and surface functional groups available for the Na+ reaction. It delivers 152 mAh/g capacity at the rate of 0.1 A/g and a capacity retention of 90% for over 1600 cycles.
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