Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 691-696Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl304357u
Keywords
Graphene; optoelectronics; electro-optic modulation; photonic crystal cavity
Categories
Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research PECASE
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1106225]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
- Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecule Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001085]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1106225] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We demonstrate high-contrast electro-optic modulation of a photonic crystal nanocavity integrated with an electrically gated monolayer graphene. A silicon air-slot nanocavity provides strong overlap between the resonant optical field and graphene. Tuning the Fermi energy of the graphene layer to 0.85 eV enables strong control of its optical conductivity at telecom wavelengths, which allows modulation of cavity reflection in excess of 10 dB for a swing voltage of only 1.5 V. The cavity resonance at 1570 nm is found to undergo a shift in wavelength of nearly 2 nm, together with a 3-fold increase in quality factor. These observations enable a cavity-enhanced determination of graphene's complex optical sheet conductivity at different doping levels. Our simple device demonstrates the feasibility of high-contrast, low-power, and frequency-selective electro-optic modulators in graphene-integrated silicon photonic integrated circuits.
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