Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages 6197-6202Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl4035708
Keywords
Biotemplated nanomaterials; piezoelectric nanowires; biomimetic synthesis; biomechanical energy harvesting
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Funding
- Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0397, W-911NF-11-1-0494]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0367]
- National Science Foundation-MRSEC program through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
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Piezoelectric nanowires are an important class of smart materials for next-generation applications including energy harvesting, robotic actuation, and bioMEMS. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), in particular, has attracted significant attention, owing to its superior electromechanical conversion performance. Yet, the ability to synthesize crystalline PZT nanowires with well-controlled properties remains a challenge. Applications of common nanosynthesis methods to PZT are hampered by issues such as slow kinetics, lack of suitable catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions. Here we report a versatile biomimetic method, in which biotemplates are used to define PZT nanostructures, allowing for rational control over composition and crystallinity. Specifically, stoichiometric PZT nanowires were synthesized using both polysaccharide (alginate) and bacteriophage templates. The wires possessed measured piezoelectric constants of up to 132 pm/V after poling, among the highest reported for PZT nanomaterials. Further, integrated devices can generate up to 0.820 mu W/cm(2) of power. These results suggest that biotemplated piezoelectric nanowires are attractive candidates for stimuli-responsive nanosensors, adaptive nanoactuators, and nanoscale energy harvesters.
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