Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages 1609-1615Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl204547v
Keywords
Bilayer graphene; twisted bilayer graphene; dark-field TEM; domain boundary; twin boundary; interlayer interaction
Categories
Funding
- AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0691, FA9550-10-1-0410]
- Fulbright scholarship
- NSF NSEC [EEC-0117770, 0646547]
- NSF through the CCMR (NSF) [DMR-1120296]
- NSF [DGE-0707428]
- National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) [DMR 1120296]
- Sloan Research Fellowship
- Center for Nanoscale Systems
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Engineering Education and Centers [0646547] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of bilayer and trilayer graphene vary with their structure, including the stacking order and relative twist, providing novel ways to realize useful characteristics not available to single layer graphene. However, developing controlled growth of bilayer and trilayer graphene requires efficient large-scale characterization of multilayer graphene structures. Here, we use dark-field transmission electron microscopy for rapid and accurate determination of key structural parameters (twist angle, stacking order, and interlayer spacing) of few-layer CVD graphene. We image the long-range atomic registry for oriented bilayer and trilayer graphene, find that it conforms exclusively to either Bernal or rhombohedral stacking, and determine their relative abundances. In contrast, our data on twisted rmiltilayers suggest the absence of such long-range atomic registry. The atomic registry and its absence are consistent with the two different strain-induced deformations we observe; by tilting the samples to break mirror symmetry, we find a high density of twinned domains in oriented multilayer graphene, where multiple domains of two different stacking configurations coexist, connected by discrete twin boundaries. In contrast, individual layers in twisted regions continuously stretch and shear independently, forming elaborate Moire patterns. These results, and the twist angle distribution in our CVD graphene, can be understood in terms of an angle-dependent interlayer potential model.
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