Electrically Controlled Molecular Recognition Harnessed to Activate a Cellular Response

Seamless embedment of electronic devices in biological systems is expected to add the outstanding computing power; memory, and speed of electronics to the biochemical toolbox of nature. Such amalgamation requires transduction of electronic signals into biochemical cues that affect cells. Inspired by biology, where pathways are directed by molecular recognition, we propose and demonstrate a generic electrical-to-biological transducer comprising a two-state electronic antigen and a chimeric cell receptor engineered to bind the antigen exclusively in its on state. T-cells expressing these receptors remain inactivated with the antigen in its off state. Switching the antigen to its on state by an electrical signal leads to its recognition by the T-cells and correspondingly to cell activation.