Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages 4154-4160Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl202036y
Keywords
Graphene; chemical vapor deposition (CVD); alloy catalyst; in situ metrology; XPS; XRD
Categories
Funding
- European Community [226716]
- EPSRC [EP/H047565/1]
- Royal Society
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Low-temperature (similar to 450 degrees C), scalable chemical vapor deposition of predominantly monolayer (74%) graphene films with an average D/G peak ratio of 0.24 and domain sizes in excess of 220 mu m(2) is demonstrated via the design of alloy catalysts. The admixture of Au to polycrystalline Ni allows a controlled decrease in graphene nucleation density, highlighting the role of step edges. In situ, time-, and depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal the role of subsurface C species and allow a coherent model for graphene formation to be devised.
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