Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 2178-2183Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl100988r
Keywords
Carbon; graphene; grain boundaries; theory
Categories
Funding
- Office of Naval Research
- National Science Foundation [EAGER]
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [951145] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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A polycrystalline graphene consists of perfect domains tilted at angle a to each other and separated by the grain boundaries (GB). These nearly one-dimensional regions consist in turn of elementary topological defects, 5-pentagons and 7-heptagons, often paired up into 5-7 dislocations. Energy G(alpha) of GB computed for all range 0 <= alpha <= pi/3, shows a slightly asymmetric behavior, reaching similar to 5 eWrim in the middle, where the 5's and 7's qualitatively reorganize in transition from nearly armchair to zigzag interfaces. Analysis shows that two-dimensional (20) nature permits the off-plane relaxation, unavailable in three-dimensional (3D) materials, qualitatively reducing the energy of defects on one hand while forming stable 3D landscapes on the other. Interestingly, while the GB display small off-plane elevation, the random distributions of 5's and 7's create roughness that scales inversely with defect concentration, h similar to n(-1/2).
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