Journal
MYCOLOGIA
Volume 102, Issue 4, Pages 813-821Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.3852/09-212
Keywords
dark septate enclophytes (DSE); enzymes; Microdochium; Periconia macrospinosa; sterile fungi
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [0344838, 0221489]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [823341] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0344838, 0808474] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are common and abundant, root-colonizing fungi in the native tallgrass prairie. To characterize DSE fungi were isolated from roots of mixed tallgrass prairie plant communities. Isolates were grouped according to morphology, and the grouping was refined by ITS-RIFLP and/or sequencing. of the ITS region. Sporulating species of Periconia, Fusarium, Microdochium and Aspergillus were isolated along with many sterile fungi. Leek resynthesis was used to quickly screen for DSE fungi among the isolates. Periconia macrospinosa and Microdochium sp. formed typical DSE structures in the roots; Periconia produced melanized intracellular microsclerotia in host root cortex, whereas Microdachium produced abundant melanized inter- and intracellular chlamydospores. To further validate the results of the leek resynthesis growth responses of leek and a dominant prairie grass, Andropogon gerardii, were assessed in a laboratory resynthesis system. Leek growth mainly was unresponsive to the inoculation with Periconia or Microdochium, whereas Andropogon tended to respond positively. Select Periconia and Microdochium isolates were tested further for their enzymatic capabilities and for ability to use organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. These fungi tested positive for amylase, cellulase, polyphenol oxidases and gelatinase. Periconia isolates used both organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. Our study identified distinct endophytes in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem and indicated that these endophytes can use a variety of complex nutrient sources, suggesting facultative biotrophic and saprotrophic habits.
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