Journal
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 187-196Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.8
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- Osaka Foundation for the Promotion of Clinical Immunology
- Ichiro Kanehara Foundation
- Sumitomo Foundation
- Senri Life Science Foundation
- Naito Foundation
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The intestinal mucosa allows the residence of trillions of bacteria with which it interacts dynamically. To establish and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship, the mucosal immune system must enforce tolerance toward the vast nonpathogenic microbiota while simultaneously remaining reactive to potentially pathogenic microbes; the disruption of this delicate balance results in inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we describe advances in our understanding of regulatory mechanisms of the innate immune system and how these shape adaptive immune systems during steady-state and inflammatory processes in the intestinal mucosa.
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