Journal
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 486-494Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/mi.2009.113
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Funding
- NIH [P01 DK072201]
- New York Crohn ' s Foundation and CCFA
- International Union Against Cancer (UICC)
- Innochem Project
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The chemokine CXCL13 is overexpressed in the intestine during inflammation. To mimic this condition, we created transgenic mice-expressing CXCL13 in intestinal epithelial cells. CXCL13 expression promoted a marked increase in the number of B cells in the lamina propria and an increase in the size and number of lymphoid follicles in the small intestine. Surprisingly, these changes were associated with a marked increase in the numbers of ROR gamma t(+)NKp46(-)CD3(-)CD4(+) and ROR gamma t(+)NKp46(+) cells. The ROR gamma t(+)NKp46(-)CD3(-)CD4(+) cells expressed CXCR5, the receptor for CXCL13, and other markers of lymphoid tissue-inducer cells, such as LT alpha, LT beta, and TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE). ROR gamma t(+)NKp46(-)CD3(-)CD4(+) gut LTi cells produced IL-22, a cytokine implicated in epithelial repair; and expressed the IL-23 receptor, a key regulator of IL-22 production. These results suggest that overexpression of CXCL13 in the intestine during inflammatory conditions favors mobilization of B cells and of LTi and NK cells with immunomodulatory and reparative functions.
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