Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

High-energy cathode materials with high working potential and/or high specific capacity are desired for future electrification of vehicles. In this article, we provide a general overview of advanced high-energy cathode materials using different approaches such as core-shell, concentration-gradient materials, and the effects of nanocoatings at the particle level to improve both electrochemical performance and safety. We also summarize the methods used to prepare these materials. Special attention is placed on the co-precipitation process for making dense, spherical particles for the purpose of improving the powder packing density and increasing the electrode energy density.