Journal
MRS BULLETIN
Volume 34, Issue 9, Pages 671-681Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1557/mrs2009.179
Keywords
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Funding
- DARPA
- NSF
- AFOSR
- ONR
- Robert A. Welch Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [820404] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [0824183, 0801922] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Recent developments in chemical synthesis, nanoscale assembly, and molecular-scale measurements enable the extension of the concept of macroscopic machines to the molecular and supramolecular levels. Molecular machines are capable of performing mechanical movements in response to external stimuli. They offer the potential to couple electrical or other forms of energy to mechanical action at the nano- and molecular scales. Working hierarchically and in concert, they can form actuators referred to as artificial muscles, in analogy to biological systems. We describe the principles behind driven motion and assembly at the molecular scale and recent advances in the field of molecular-level electromechanical machines, molecular motors, and artificial muscles. We discuss the challenges and successes in making these assemblies work cooperatively to function at larger scales.
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