Fully cosmological virtual massive galaxies at z=0: kinematical, morphological and stellar population characterization

We present the results of a numerical adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamical and N-body simulation in a Lambda cold dark matter cosmology. We focus on the analysis of the main properties of massive galaxies (M* > 10(11) M-circle dot) at z = 0. For all the massive virtual galaxies, we carry out a careful study of their one-dimensional density, luminosity, velocity dispersion and stellar population profiles. In order to best compare with observational data, the method to estimate the velocity dispersion is calibrated by using an approach similar to that performed in the observations, based on the stellar populations of the simulated galaxies. With these ingredients, we discuss the different properties of massive galaxies in our sample according to their morphological types, accretion histories and dynamical properties. We find that the galaxy merging history is the leading actor in shaping the massive galaxies that we see nowadays. Indeed, galaxies having experienced a turbulent life are the most massive in the sample and show the steepest metallicity gradients. Beside the importance of merging, only a small fraction of the final stellar mass has been formed ex situ (10-50 per cent), while the majority of the stars formed within the galaxy. These accreted stars are significantly older and less metallic than the stars formed in situ and tend to occupy the most external regions of the galaxies.