Signatures of minor mergers in Milky Way like disc kinematics: ringing revisited

By means of N-body simulations, we study the response of a galactic disc to a minor merger event. We find that non-self-gravitating, spiral-like features are induced in the thick disc. As we have shown in a previous work, this ringing also leaves an imprint in velocity space (the uv plane) in small spatial regions, such as the solar neighbourhood. As the disc relaxes after the event, clumps in the uv plane get closer with time, allowing us to estimate the time of impact. In addition to confirming the possibility of this diagnostic, here we show that in a more realistic scenario, the infall trajectory of the perturber gives rise to an azimuthal dependence of the structure in phase space. We also find that the space defined by the energy and angular momentum of stars is a better choice than velocity space, as clumps remain visible even in large local volumes. This makes their observational detection much easier since one need not be restricted to a small spatial volume. We show that information about the time of impact, the mass of the perturber and its trajectory is stored in the kinematics of disc stars.