Constraining the mass of the GRB 030329 progenitor

The long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 030329, associated with the supernova (SN) SN 2003dh, occurred inside a star-forming dwarf galaxy at redshift z = 0.1685. The low redshift, and a rich set of archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST ) images, makes this GRB well suited for a detailed study of the stellar population in the immediate vicinity of the explosion. Since the lifetime of a star is directly tied to its mass, the age of the stellar population can be used to put constraints on the GRB and SN progenitor mass. From the HST images, we extract the colours of the precise site from which the GRB originated, and find that the colours are significantly different from those of the overall host galaxy and the surrounding starburst environment. We have used spectral evolutionary models, including nebular emission, to carefully constrain the age of the stellar population, and hence the progenitor, at the very explosion site. For instantaneous burst models, we find that a population age of similar to 5 Myr best matches the data, suggesting a very massive (M(ZAMS) > 50 M(circle dot)) star as the progenitor, with an upper limit of 8 Myr (M(ZAMS) > 25 M(circle dot)). For more extended star formation scenarios, the inferred progenitor age is in most cases still very young (< 7 Myr, implying M(ZAMS) > 25 M(circle dot)), with an upper limit of 20 Myr (M(ZAMS) > 12 M(circle dot)). These age estimates are an order of magnitude lower than the ages inferred from the overall host galaxy colours, indicating that progenitor mass estimates based on data for spatially unresolved GRB host galaxies will in general be of limited use. Our results are consistent with the collapsar scenario.