Journal
MOLECULES AND CELLS
Volume 35, Issue 1, Pages 25-31Publisher
KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2159-2
Keywords
Arabidopsis; competitive inhibition; KIDARI (KDR); light signaling; LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (HFR1); PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [20120005600]
- Next-Generation BioGreen 21 program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center) by the Rural Development Administration [201203013055290010200]
- Agricultural R & D Promotion Center, Korea Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries [309017-05-4-HD140]
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Dynamic dimer formation is an elaborate means of modulating transcription factor activities in diverse cellular processes. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (HFR1), for example, plays a role in plant photomorphogenesis by forming non-DNA binding heterodimers with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). Recent studies have shown that a small HLH protein KIDARI (KDR) negatively regulates the HFR1 activity in the process. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the KDR control of the HFR1 activity are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that KDR attenuates the HFR1 activity by competitively forming nonfunctional heterodimers, causing liberation of PIF4 from the transcriptionally inactive HFR1-PIF4 complex. Accordingly, the photomorphogenic hypocotyl growth of the HFR1-overexpres-sing plants can be suppressed by KDR coexpression, as observed in the HFR1-deficient hfr1-201 mutant. These results indicate that the PIF4 activity is modulated through a double layer of competitive inhibition by HFR1 and KDR, which could in turn ensure fine-tuning of the PIF4 activity under fluctuating light conditions.
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