Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 19, Issue 7, Pages 9114-9133Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079114
Keywords
luteolinidin; apigeninidin; kauralexin; zealexin; DIMBOA; HDMBOA; biosynthesis; regulation; sorghum; maize
Funding
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
- RWTH Aachen University
- German Science Foundation (DFG)
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Cereal crop plants such as maize and sorghum are constantly being attacked by a great variety of pathogens that cause large economic losses. Plants protect themselves against pathogens by synthesizing antimicrobial compounds, which include phytoalexins. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on phytoalexins produced by sorghum (luteolinidin, apigeninidin) and maize (zealexin, kauralexin, DIMBOA and HDMBOA). For these molecules, we highlight biosynthetic pathways, known intermediates, proposed enzymes, and mechanisms of elicitation. Finally, we discuss the involvement of phytoalexins in plant resistance and their possible application in technology, medicine and agriculture. For those whose world is round we tried to set the scene in the context of a hypothetical football game in which pathogens fight with phytoalexins on the different playing fields provided by maize and sorghum.
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