A Quantified Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) Extract Influences Lipid Acquisition and Increases Adiponectin Expression in 3T3-L1 Cells

A Panax ginseng extract (PGE) with a quantified amount of ginsenosides was utilized to investigate its potential to inhibit proliferation, influence lipid acquisition and adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Seven fingerprint ginsenosides were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography and their respective molecular weights were further confirmed via LC-ESI-MS analysis from four different extraction methods. Extraction using methanol under reflux produced significantly higher amounts of ginsenosides. The methanol extract consisted of Rg1 (47.40 +/- 4.28 mg/g, dry weight of extract), Re (61.62 +/- 5.10 mg/g), Rf (6.14 +/- 0.28 mg/g), Rb1 (21.73 +/- 1.29 mg/g), Rc (78.79 +/- 4.15 mg/g), Rb2 (56.80 +/- 3.79 mg/g), Rd (5.90 +/- 0.41 mg/g). MTT analysis showed that PGE had a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and the LC50 value was calculated to be 18.2 +/- 5 mu g/mL. Cell cycle analysis showed minimal changes in all four phases. Differentiating adipocytes treated with ginseng extract had a visible decrease in lipid droplets formation measured by Oil red O staining. Consequently, triglycerides levels in media significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 39.5% and 46.1% when treated at concentrations of 1 mu g/mL and 10 mu g/mL compared to untreated control cells. Western blot analysis showed that the adiponectin protein expression was significantly (P < 0.05) increased at 10 mu g/mL, but not at 1 mu g/mL. A quantified PGE reduced the growth of 3T3-L1 cells, down-regulated lipid accumulation and up-regulated adiponectin expression in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell model.