Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 2674-2703Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102674
Keywords
Proanthocyanidins; Condensed Tannins; Structures; Flavonoid Biosynthesis; Transport Factors; Regulatory Genes
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671467]
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Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins, are a group of polyphenolic secondary metabolites synthesized in plants as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units via the flavonoid pathway. Due to their structural complexity and varied composition, only in the recent years has the study on the biosynthesis and regulation of PAs in plants taken off, although some details of the synthetic mechanism remain unclear. This paper aims to summarize the status of research on the structures of PAs in plants, the genes encoding key enzymes of biosynthetic pathway, the transport factors, the transcriptional regulation of PA biosynthesis and the genetic manipulation of PAs. The problems of this field were also discussed, including the nature of the final enzyme which catalyzes the polymerization reaction of PAs and the possible mechanism of how the elementary units of flavanols are assembled in vivo.
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