Journal
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages 746-754Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.44
Keywords
genetics; environment (G x E); parenting; life events
Funding
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes [3P01 HL036587]
- National Institute on Aging [R01AG19605]
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Duke Clinical Research Unit [M01RR30l]
- Duke Behavioral Medicine Research Center
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The classic diathesis-stress framework, which views some individuals as particularly vulnerable to adversity, informs virtually all psychiatric research on behavior-gene-environment (G x E) interaction. An alternative framework of 'differential susceptibility' is proposed, one which regards those most susceptible to adversity because of their genetic make up as simultaneously most likely to benefit from supportive or enriching experiences-or even just the absence of adversity. Recent G x E findings consistent with this perspective and involving monoamine oxidase-A, 5-HTTLPR (5-hydroxytryptamine-linked polymorphic region polymorphism) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) are reviewed for illustrative purposes. Results considered suggest that putative 'vulnerability genes' or 'risk alleles' might, at times, be more appropriately conceptualized as 'plasticity genes', because they seem to make individuals more susceptible to environmental influences-for better and for worse. Molecular Psychiatry (2009) 14, 746-754; doi:10.1038/mp.2009.44; published online 19 May 2009
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