Journal
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Volume 62, Issue 1, Pages 529-541Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.001
Keywords
Marine sponges; Excavating sponges; Molecular markers; Morphologic variation
Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) [477781/2004-7, 490352/2004-9, 490425/2007-0]
- Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Brazil) [E-26/170.576/2003]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil) [96/4316-5]
- Sub-Reitoria de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SR2-UERJ, Brazil)
- Fundacion San Ignacio del Huinay (Chile)
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, Brazil)
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A great number of marine organisms lack proper morphologic characters for identification and species description. This could promote a wide distributional pattern for a species morphotype, potentially generating many morphologically similar albeit evolutionarily independent worldwide lineages. This work aimed to estimate the genetic variation of South America populations of the Cliona celata species complex. We used COI mtDNA and ITS rDNA as molecular markers and tylostyle length and width as morphological characters to try to distinguish among species. Four distinct clades were found within the South American C celata complex using both genetic markers. The genetic distances comparisons revealed that scores among those clades were comparable to distances between each clade and series of previously described clionaid species, some of which belong to different genera. Our results also suggest that one of the clades has a broad discontinuous distribution in the Atlantic Ocean, while another presents high gene flow between the southern Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America. Conversely, spicule morphology was not able to distinguish each clade, due to the high degree of overlap among them. Therefore, we considered that each recovered clade correspond, in fact, to different species that cannot be differentiated via morphological characters, which are often used to describe species within the C. celata species complex. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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