Journal
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Volume 62, Issue 1, Pages 174-190Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.016
Keywords
Demospongiae; Porifera; Sponges; Molecular systematics; Taxonomy; Phylogeny; Evolution
Funding
- Beaufort Marine Biodiscovery Research Award
- Strategy for Science Technology and Innovation
- Marine Institute
- Queens University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences
- Beaufort Marine Biodiscovery Programme
- Esmee Fairbairn foundation [07-2472]
- Scottish Natural Heritage
- Countryside Council for Wales (CCW)
- Northern Ireland Environment Agency
- European Community [227799]
- Marine Research Sub-programme of the National Development Plan
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The current morphological classification of the Demospongiae G4 clade was tested using large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) sequences from 119 taxa. Fifty-three mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) barcoding sequences were also analysed to test whether the 28S phylogeny could be recovered using an independent gene. This is the largest and most comprehensive study of the Demospongiae G4 clade. The 28S and CO1 genetrees result in congruent clades but conflict with the current morphological classification. The results confirm the polyphyly of Halichondrida, Hadromerida, Dictyonellidae, Axinellidae and Poecilosclerida and show that several of the characters used in morphological classifications are homoplasious. Robust clades are clearly shown and a new hypothesis for relationships of taxa allocated to G4 is proposed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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