Journal
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 1750-1761Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/mp500115x
Keywords
molecular imaging; heterobivalent ligands; bispecific antibodies; dual targeting; cancer; positron emission tomography (PET)
Funding
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- National Institutes of Health [NIBIB/NCI 1R01CA169365, P30CA014520, T32CA009206]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-1-0644]
- American Cancer Society [125246-RSG-13-099-01-CCE]
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Ligand-based molecular imaging probes have been designed with high affinity and specificity for monitoring biological process and responses. Single-target recognition by traditional probes can limit their applicability for disease detection and therapy because synergistic action between disease mediators and different receptors is often involved in disease progression. Consequently, probes that can recognize multiple targets should demonstrate higher targeting efficacy and specificity than their monospecific peers. This concept has been validated by multiple bispecific heterodimer-based imaging probes that have demonstrated promising results in several animal models. This review summarizes the design strategies for bispecific peptide- and antibody-based heterodimers and their applications in molecular targeting and imaging. The design and application of bispecific heterodimer-conjugated nanomaterials are also discussed.
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