Journal
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 9, Issue 9, Pages 2565-2576Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/mp300178a
Keywords
ABC proteins; antitumor drugs; cancer; colon; promoter
Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FIS [PI110337]
- Junta de Castilla y Leon, Spain [GR75/08, BIO39/SA27/10, SA023A11-2, SA070A11-2]
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica [SAF2009-08493, SAF2010-15517]
- Fundacion Samuel Solorzano Barruso, Spain [FS/1-2011]
- Fundacion Investigacion Medica Mutua Madrilena, Spain
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [BFU2007-30688-E]
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain
- Ministerio de Educacion, Spain [AP2008-03762, AP2007-00105]
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Export pumps often limit the usefulness of anticancer drugs. Here we investigated the effect of cisplatin on the expression of ABC proteins in human colon cancer cells. Short-term incubation of Caco-2 and LS174T cells with cisplatin resulted in up-regulation of several ABC pumps, in particular MRP2 and BCRP. In partially cisplatin-resistant cells (LS174T/R) obtained by long-term exposure to cisplatin, MRP2 and BCRP up-regulation was more marked. This was further enhanced when these cells were cultured under maintained stimulation with cisplatin. The MRP2 promoter (MRP2pr) was cloned, and partially deleted constructs linked to reporter genes were generated. Transfection of LS174T and LS174T/R cells with these constructs revealed the ability of cisplatin to activate MRP2pr. The intensity of this response was dependent on the conserved MRP2pr region. Basal MRP2pr activity was higher in LS174T/R cells, in which the expression of the transcription factors c/EBP beta, HNF1 alpha, HNF3 beta and HNF4 alpha, but not PXR, p53, c-Myc, AP1, YB-1, NRF2, and RAR alpha was enhanced. Up-regulation was particularly high for FXR (200-fold) and SHP (SO-fold). In LS174T/R cells, GW4064 induced the expression of FGF19, SHP, OST alpha/beta but not MRP2 and BCRP, although the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin was further reduced. In L5174T cells, GW4064-induced chemoresistance was seen only after being transfected with FXR+RXR when BCRP, but not MRP2, was up-regulated. Protection of LS174T cells against cisplatin was mimicked by transfection with BCRP. In conclusion, in colon cancer cells, cisplatin treatment enhances chemoresistance through FXR-dependent and FXR-independent mechanisms involving the expression of BCRP and MRP2, respectively.
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