Effect of Polymer Hygroscopicity on the Phase Behavior of Amorphous Solid Dispersions in the Presence of Moisture

It has been previously observed that exposure to high relative humidity (RH) can induce amorphous amorphous phase separation in solid dispersions composed of certain hydrophobic drugs and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The objective of this study was to investigate if this phenomenon occurred in solid dispersions prepared using less hygroscopic polymers. Drug polymer miscibility was investigated before and after exposure to high RH using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PVP, poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) were selected as model polymers, and felodipine, pimozide, indomethacin, and quinidine were selected as model drugs. Drug polymer mixing at the molecular level was confirmed for all model systems investigated. Moisture-induced drug polymer demixing was observed in felodipine PVPVA, quinidine PVP, quinidine PVPVA, pimozide PVPVA, and pimozide HPMCAS systems, but was absent in the other HPMCAS dispersions and for indomethacin PVPVA. It is concluded that the balance between the thermodynamic factors (enthalpy and entropy of mixing) in a ternary water drug polymer system is the important factor in determining which solid dispersion systems are susceptible to moisture-induced amorphous amorphous phase separation. Systems with strong drug polymer interactions and a less hygroscopic polymer will be less susceptible to moisture-induced phase separation, while more hydrophobic drugs will be more susceptible to this phenomenon even at low levels of sorbed moisture.