Journal
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-79
Keywords
Beta-amyloid precursor protein (A beta PP, APP); Beta-amyloid (A beta); Alzheimer's disease (AD); Transthyretin (TTR); Amyloidosis; Protein homeostasis; Aggregation
Categories
Funding
- NIH [AG R01 030027, AG18440, AG5131, AG22074, AG11385, AG10435, NS057096]
- WM Keck Foundation
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Since the mid-1990's a trickle of publications from scattered independent laboratories have presented data suggesting that the systemic amyloid precursor transthyretin (TTR) could interact with the amyloidogenic beta-amyloid (A beta) peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The notion that one amyloid precursor could actually inhibit amyloid fibril formation by another seemed quite far-fetched. Further it seemed clear that within the CNS, TTR was only produced in choroid plexus epithelial cells, not in neurons. The most enthusiastic of the authors proclaimed that TTR sequestered A beta in vivo resulting in a lowered TTR level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients and that the relationship was salutary. More circumspect investigators merely showed in vitro interaction between the two molecules. A single in vivo study in Caenorhabditis elegans suggested that wild type human TTR could suppress the abnormalities seen when A beta was expressed in the muscle cells of the worm. Subsequent studies in human A beta transgenic mice, including those from our laboratory, also suggested that the interaction reduced the A beta deposition phenotype. We have reviewed the literature analyzing the relationship including recent data examining potential mechanisms that could explain the effect. We have proposed a model which is consistent with most of the published data and current notions of AD pathogenesis and can serve as a hypothesis which can be tested.
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