Journal
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 7, Issue 298, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab3964
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Funding
- National Cancer Institute, NIH [HHSN261200800001E]
- Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center
- Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1032325]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1032325] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) protect against HIV-1 infection, yet how they are generated during chronic infection remains unclear. It is known that T follicular helper (T-FH) cells are needed to promote affinitymaturation of B cells during an immune response; however, the role of T-FH during HIV-1 infection is undefined within lymph node germinal centers (GCs). We use nonhuman primates to investigate the relationship in the early stage of chronic SHIVAD8 (simian-humanimmunodeficiency virus AD8) infection between envelope (Env)-specific T-FH cells, Env-specific B cells, virus, and the generation of bNAbs during later infection. Wefound that both the frequency and quality of Envspecific T-FH cells were associated with an expansion of Env-specific immunoglobulin G-positive GC B cells and broader neutralization across HIV clades. We also found a correlation between breadth of neutralization and the degree of somatic hypermutation in Env-specific memory B cells. Finally, we observed high viral loads and greater diversity of Env sequences in rhesus macaques that developed cross-reactive neutralization as compared to those that did not. These studies highlight the importance of boosting high-quality T-FH populations as part of a robust vaccine regimen aimed at eliciting bNabs.
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