Guanosine Attenuates Behavioral Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury by Modulation of Adenosinergic Receptors

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, triggering chronic neurodegeneration underlying cognitive and mood disorder still without therapeutic prospects. Based on our previous observations that guanosine (GUO) attenuates short-term neurochemical alterations caused by TBI, this study investigated the effects of chronical GUO treatment in behavioral, molecular, and morphological disturbances 21days after trauma. Rats subject to TBI displayed mood (anxiety-like) and memory dysfunction. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of both synaptic (synaptophysin) and plasticity proteins (BDNF and CREB), a loss of cresyl violet-stained neurons, and increased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus. Notably, chronic GUO treatment (7.5mg/kgi.p. daily starting 1h after TBI) prevented all these TBI-induced long-term behavioral, neurochemical, and morphological modifications. This neuroprotective effect of GUO was abrogated in the presence of the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist DPCPX (1mg/kg) but unaltered by the adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist SCH58261 (0.05mg/kg). These findings show that a chronic GUO treatment prevents the long-term mood and memory dysfunction triggered by TBI, which involves adenosinergic receptors.