Journal
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 1, Pages 399-413Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8878-3
Keywords
PICALM; Polymorphism; Alzheimer's disease; Genetics; Mechanism; Amyloid beta
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81000544, 81171209, 81371406]
- Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2010HQ004, ZR2011HZ001]
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly heritable disease (with heritability up to 76 %) with a complex genetic profile of susceptibility, among which large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) pointed to the phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) gene as a susceptibility locus for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) incidence. Here, we summarize the known functions of PICALM and discuss its genetic polymorphisms and their potential physiological effects associated with LOAD. Compelling data indicated that PICALM affects AD risk primarily by modulating production, transportation, and clearance of beta-amyloid (A beta) peptide, but other A beta-independent pathways are discussed, including tauopathy, synaptic dysfunction, disorganized lipid metabolism, immune disorder, and disrupted iron homeostasis. Finally, given the potential involvement of PICALM in facilitating AD occurrence in multiple ways, it might be possible that targeting PICALM might provide promising and novel avenues for AD therapy.
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