Journal
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 2, Pages 87-96Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8157-x
Keywords
Astrocytes; Oligodendrocytes; Microglia; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; Fronto-temporal dementia; Wernicke encephalopathy; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Immunodeficiency virus-1-associated dementia; Neurodegeneration
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Funding
- Alzheimer's Research Trust (UK) [ART/PG2004A/1]
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GACR) [GACR 309/09/1696, GACR 305/08/1381, GACR 305/08/1384]
- Government of the Basque Country [AE-2010-1-28, AEGV10/16]
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Neuroglia is critically important for controlling the brain homeostasis and for mounting the brain defence against pathological insults. Here, we overview recent data about the role of neuroglia in various types of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, fronto-temporal dementia, Wernicke encephalopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and immunodeficiency virus-1-associated dementia). In all these forms of neurodegeneration, astroglia undergoes complex morphological and functional changes. The early and mid-term stages of neurodegenerative processes, and specifically of Alzheimer's disease, are associated with generalised atrophy of astroglia, whereas the later stages are characterised with an astrogliosis and microglial activation linked to neuropathological lesions such as senile plaques. Atrophic changes in astroglia may contribute to the initial cognitive deficits due to reduced glial synaptic coverage and decreased neuroprotection.
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