Journal
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 2265-2272Publisher
SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2108
Keywords
Paris saponin I; non-small cell lung cancer; gefitinib resistance; microPET; apoptosis
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81303274]
- Wujieping Foundation of China [320.6700.09035]
- Zhejiang Traditional Medicine Project [2011ZZ011]
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Polyphyllins, a major component of Rhizoma paridis, have been extensively used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Paris saponin I (PSI) on a panel of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines and its inhibition of tumor growth in a nude mouse model. The MTT assay was used to assess growth inhibition. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry and apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The morphology of the apoptotic cells was determined by transmission electron microscopy. The protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 were detected using western blot analysis. In addition, the glucose metabolism in tumor-bearing mice was evaluated using F-18-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) micro-positron emission tomography imaging. The PSI-induced growth inhibition rate was observed to significantly increase in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PSI induced significant G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis. The expression levels of Bcl-2 decreased, while those of Bax and caspase-3 increased following PSI treatment. F-18-FDG-uptake in the PSI treatment groups was significantly decreased compared with that in the. control group in vivo. In conclusion, PSI is a potent antitumor agent that acts by inhibiting the proliferation of gefitinib-resistant cells, and has potential as a candidate for a natural drug for gefitinib-resistant therapy. PSI-induced apoptosis, which occurred via multiple pathways, including G2/M-phase arrest and upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression, ultimately led to cell death and tumor inhibition.
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