Inhibition of B cell receptor-mediated activation of primary human B cells by coengagement of CD19 and FcγRIIb with Fc-engineered antibodies

The humoral immune response requires antigen-specific B cell activation and subsequent terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Engagement of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) on mature B cells activates an intracellular signaling cascade, including calcium mobilization, which leads to cell proliferation and differentiation. Coengagement by immune complex of BCR with the inhibitory Fc receptor Fc gamma RIIb, the only IgG receptor expressed on B cells, inhibits B cell activation signals through a negative feedback loop. We now describe antibodies that mimic the inhibitory effects of immune complex by high-affinity coengagement of Fc gamma RIIb and the BCR coreceptor complex on human B cells. We engineered the Fc domain of an anti-CD19 antibody to generate variants with up to similar to 430-fold greater affinity to Fc gamma RIIb. Relative to native IgG1, the Fc gamma RIIb binding-enhanced (IIbE) variants strongly inhibited BCR-induced calcium mobilization and viability in primary human B cells. Inhibitory effects involved phosphorylation of SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP), which is known to be involved in Fc gamma RIIb-induced negative feedback of B cell activation by immune complex. Coengagement of BCR and Fc gamma RIIb by IIbE variants also overcame the anti-apoptotic effects of BCR activation. The use of a single antibody to suppress B cell functions by coengagement of BCR and Fc gamma RIIb may represent a novel approach in the treatment of B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.