The role of the type-III secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria in the regulation of chronic infections

This review article focuses on the discussion about the role of the type III secretion system (T3SS), which was found in several Gram-negative bacteria, in the development of chronic infectious processes. The latest investigations on this issue have revealed that most severe chronic somatic diseases derive from prolonged chronic inflammation induced by various infectious agents. The T3SS may play a crucial role in the transition of an infection from an acute form to persistent one. Numerous clinical and bacteriological studies have shown that pathogenic microorganisms are persistent in a form resistant to various antibiotics. Therefore, one of the most promising goals for the development of novel antibiotics is the T3SS, which transports bacterial pathogenic factors directly into the eukaryotic cell. The functioning of the T3SS is essential for occurrence and development of both acute and chronic infectious processes.