Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 514, Issue -, Pages 399-408Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.087
Keywords
Penalized spline model; Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry; Soil petroleum contamination; Random forest; Visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
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Funding
- BL Allen Endowment in Pedology at Texas Tech University
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Using 108 petroleum contaminated soil samples, this pilot study proposed a new analytical approach of combining visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VisNIR DRS) and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF) for rapid and improved quantification of soil petroleum contamination. Results indicated that an advanced fused model where VisNIR DRS spectra-based penalized spline regression (PSR) was used to predict total petroleum hydrocarbon followed by PXRF elemental data-based random forest regression was used to model the PSR residuals, it outperformed (R-2 = 0.78, residual prediction deviation (RPD) = 2.19) all other models tested, even producing better generalization than using VisNIR DRS alone (RPD's of 1.64, 1.86, and 1.96 for random forest penalized spline regression, and partial least squares regression, respectively). Additionally, unsupervised principal component analysis using the PXRF + VisNIR DRS system qualitatively separated contaminated soils from control samples. Capsule: Fusion of PXRF elemental data and VisNIR derivative spectra produced an optimized model for total petroleum hydrocarbon quantification in soils. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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