Journal
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS
Volume 285, Issue 6, Pages 461-470Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0621-4
Keywords
Flowering; Florigen; Oryza sativa; Photoperiod; Phytochrome B
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [10182102]
- Rice Genome Programs [IP-1006]
- NAIST, MEXT, Japan
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21380152, 19060013, 23580473, 10182102] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Many plants require circadian clock and light information for the photoperiodic control of flowering. In Arabidopsis, a long-day plant (LDP), flowering is triggered by the circadian clock-controlled expression of CONSTANS (CO) and light stabilization of the CO protein to induce FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T). In rice, a short-day plant (SDP), the CO ortholog Heading date 1 (Hd1) regulates FT ortholog Hd3a, but regulation of Hd3a by Hd1 differs from that in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that phytochrome B (phyB)-mediated suppression of Hd3a is a primary cause of long-day suppression of flowering in rice, based on the three complementary discoveries. First, overexpression of Hd1 causes a delay in flowering under SD conditions and this effect requires phyB, suggesting that light modulates Hd1 control of Hd3a transcription. Second, a single extension of day length decreases Hd3a expression proportionately with the length of daylight. Third, Hd1 protein levels in Hd1-overexpressing plants are not altered in the presence of light. These results also suggest that phyB-mediated suppression of Hd3a expression is a component of the molecular mechanism for critical day length in rice.
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