The MIF Homologue D-Dopachrome Tautomerase Promotes COX-2 Expression through β-Catenin-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

The cytokine/growth factor, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), contributes to pathologies associated with immune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disease processes. Several studies have shown an important contributing role for MIF-dependent COX-2 expression in the progression of these disorders. We now report that the MIF homologue, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), is both sufficient and necessary for maximal COX-2 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. D-DT-dependent COX-2 transcription is mediated in part by beta-catenin protein stabilization and subsequent transcription. Also contributing to D-DTs regulation of COX-2 expression are the activities of both c-jun-N-terminal kinase and the MIF-interacting protein, Jab1/CSN5. Interestingly, D-DT-dependent beta-catenin stabilization is regulated by COX-2 expression, suggesting the existence of an amplification loop between COX-2-and beta-catenin-mediated transcription in these cells. Because both COX-2-and beta-catenin-mediated transcription are important contributors to colorectal cancer (CRC) disease maintenance and progression, these findings suggest a unique and novel regulatory role for MIF family members in CRC pathogenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 8(12); 1601-9. (C) 2010 AACR.