Journal
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 3067-3071Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1069-7
Keywords
csd allele; Balance selection; Nucleotide diversity; Subspecies; Complementary sex determination
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Funding
- China Agriculture Research System [CARS-45]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31060327]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20100481191]
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The complementary sex determination (csd) gene is the primary gene determining the gender of honey bees (Apis spp). In this study we analyzed the polymorphism of csd gene in six Apis mellifera subspecies. The genomic region 3 of csd gene in these six A. mellifera was cloned, and identified. A total of 79 haplotypes were obtained from these six subspecies. Analysis showed that region 3 of csd gene has a high level of polymorphism in all the six A. mellifera subspecies. The A. m. anatolica subspecies has a slightly higher nucleotide diversity (pi) than other subspecies, while the pi values showed no significant difference among the other five subspecies. The phylogenetic tree showed that all the csd haplotypes from different A. mellifera subspecies are scattered throughout the tree, without forming six different clades. Population differentiation analysis showed that there are significant genetic differentiations among some of the subspecies. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed that the A. m. caucasica and A. m. carnica have the closest relationship, followed by A. m. ssp, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carpatica and A. m. anatolica that were gathered in the tree in turn.
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