Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 347, Issue 6223, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855
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Funding
- MISTRA (Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research)
- Swedish Research Council
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Trottier Institute for Science and Public Policy
- Branco Weiss Fellowship
- Family Erling Persson Academy Programme on Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere
- Stordalen Foundation (Norway)
- Riksbanken Jubileumsfond
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1440297] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries-climate change and biosphere integrity-have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.
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