Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 348, Issue 6230, Pages 136-139Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1258867
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Funding
- Cancer Research Institute postdoctoral fellowship
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
- Hirth Chair Graduate Fellowship of University of California, Berkeley
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Fellowships
- NIH-Initiative for Maximizing Student Development grant
- NIH [R01 CA093678]
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Immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, recognize transformed cells and eliminate them in a process termed immunosurveillance. It is thought that tumor cells evade immunosurveillance by shedding membrane ligands that bind to the NKG2D-activating receptor on NK cells and/or T cells, and desensitize these cells. In contrast, we show that in mice, a shed form of MULT1, a high-affinity NKG2D ligand, causes NK cell activation and tumor rejection. Recombinant soluble MULT1 stimulated tumor rejection in mice. Soluble MULT1 functions, at least in part, by competitively reversing a global desensitization of NK cells imposed by engagement of membrane NKG2D ligands on tumor-associated cells, such as myeloid cells. The results overturn conventional wisdom that soluble ligands are always inhibitory and suggest a new approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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