Journal
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 63-76Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.11.001
Keywords
Vitamin A; Retinoic acid; Homing; Dendritic cells; Tolerance
Funding
- Ingrid Ramos
- EMBO
- Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA)
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI)
- Massachusetts Life Science Center (MLSC)
- NIH/NIAMS [P30 AR042689]
- NIH [DP2 2009A054301]
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The vitamin A (VA) metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) plays a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA is produced by gut-associated dendritic cells (DC) and is required for generating gut-tropic lymphocytes and IgA-antibody-secreting cells (IgA-ASC). Moreover, RA modulates Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (T-REG) and Th17 effector T cell differentiation. Thus, although RA could be used as an effective mucosal adjuvant in vaccines, it also appears to be required for establishing intestinal immune tolerance. Here we discuss the roles proposed for RA in shaping intestinal immune responses and tolerance at the gut mucosal interface. We also focus on recent data exploring the mechanisms by which gut-associated DC acquire RA-producing capacity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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