Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 348, Issue 6239, Pages 1139-1143Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4788
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Funding
- BGI, a U.S. National Institutes of Health Pioneer Award [DP1 OD006416]
- European Union [300837]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0640690, DEB-0743154]
- Danish Council for Independent Research [10-081390, 0602-01170B]
- Lundbeck Foundation
- Georgia Tech-Elizabeth Smithgall Watts endowment
- Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship [PIOF-GA-2011-303312]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A-125350]
- Commission Informatique of the University of Geneva
- Schmidheiny Foundation
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- i5K Initiative
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1257543] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation [R83-2011-7610] Funding Source: researchfish
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A-125350] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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The evolution of eusociality is one of the major transitions in evolution, but the underlying genomic changes are unknown. We compared the genomes of 10 bee species that vary in social complexity, representing multiple independent transitions in social evolution, and report three major findings. First, many important genes show evidence of neutral evolution as a consequence of relaxed selection with increasing social complexity. Second, there is no single road map to eusociality; independent evolutionary transitions in sociality have independent genetic underpinnings. Third, though clearly independent in detail, these transitions do have similar general features, including an increase in constrained protein evolution accompanied by increases in the potential for gene regulation and decreases in diversity and abundance of transposable elements. Eusociality may arise through different mechanisms each time, but would likely always involve an increase in the complexity of gene networks.
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