被撤回的出版物: Chitosan prevents oxidative stress-induced amyloid β formation and cytotoxicity in NT2 neurons: involvement of transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB (Retracted article. See vol. 477, pg. 1327, 2022)

Increased oxidative stress is a widely accepted factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we introduce chitosan, an antioxidant oligosaccharide, as a protective agent against H2O2/FeSO4-induced cell death in the NT2 neural cell line. Chitosan not only protects the neurons against cell death, as measured by MTT and caspase-3 activity, but also decreases amyloid beta formation. NT2 neurons can be used to elucidate the relationship between oxidative stress and A beta formation. We induced A beta formation through oxidative stress in NT2 neurons and studied the effect of chitosan. We demonstrate that chitosan can be neuroprotective by suppressing A beta formation. We further show that chitosan exerts its protective effect by up-regulation of HO-1, gamma-GCS, Hsp-70, and Nrf2, while it inhibits activation of caspase-3 and NF-kappa B. Chitosan or chitosan derivatives have potential value as neuroprotective agents, particularly with regard to oxidative stress.