Journal
MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 1-24Publisher
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S0217984909017777
Keywords
Bose-Einstein condensation; optical lattices; exciton; time-reversal symmetry; spontaneous symmetry breaking
Funding
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [0804775] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Feynman's no-node theorem states that the conventional many-body ground state wavefunctions of bosons in the coordinate representation are positive definite. This implies that time-reversal symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken. In this article, we review our progress in studing a class of new states of unconventional Bose-Einstein condensations beyond this paradigm. These states can either be the long-lived metastable states of ultracold bosons in high orbital bands in optical lattices as a result of the orbital Hund's rule interaction, or the ground states of spinful bosons with spin-orbit coupling linearly dependent on momentum. In both cases, Feynman's argument does not apply. The resultant many-body wavefunctions are complex-valued and thus break time-reversal symmetry spontaneously. Exotic phenomena in these states include the Bose-Einstein condenstion at nonzero momentum, the ordering of orbital angular momentum moments, the half-quantum vortex, and the spin texture of skyrmions.
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