Journal
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
Volume 171, Issue -, Pages 14-23Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.01.002
Keywords
Hybrid catalysts; HY zeolite; Acidity; Hierarchical pore; Levulinic acid
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) [78681, 78687]
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) under the National Science Fellowship (NSF)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
In this work, a set of hybrid catalysts were synthesized, characterized and tested for the conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. The hybrid catalysts with 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 weight ratios of CrCl3 and HY zeolite were prepared via the wetness impregnation method. Characterization of the hybrid catalysts using XRD, FESEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, NH3-TPD and FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine demonstrated the catalytic reaction of the hybrid catalysts was predominantly influenced by the type of acid sites (Lewis acid), amount of acid sites and strength, surface area, hierarchical porous structures and shape selectivity. Highly reactive acid sites greatly influenced the catalytic activities of glucose in producing levulinic acid. Experimental results revealed that the hybrid 1:1 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance with 62% of levulinic acid yield at 160 C in 180 min of reaction temperature and time. The hybrid 1:1 catalyst has potential to be applied for biomass conversion to levulinic acid under adequate process conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available