Journal
MICRON
Volume 42, Issue 2, Pages 196-206Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.08.011
Keywords
AFM; Surface functionalization; Silanes; DNA; DNA supercoiling; Alternative DNA structures; Protein-DNA complexes; Single molecule imaging
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Funding
- NIH [GM 62235]
- NSF [NSF-EPSCOR EPS-0701892, PHY-061590]
- DOE [DE-FG02-08ER64579]
- NATO [CBN.NR.NRSFP 983204]
- Nebraska Research Initiative (NRI)
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Sample preparation techniques allowing reliable and reproducible imaging of DNA with various structures, topologies and complexes with proteins are reviewed. The major emphasis is given to methods utilizing chemical functionalization of mica, enabling preparation of the surfaces with required characteristics. The methods are illustrated by examples of imaging of different DNA structures. Special attention is given to the possibility of AFM to image the dynamics of DNA at the nanoscale. The capabilities of time-lapse AFM in aqueous solutions are illustrated by imaging of dynamic processes as transitions of local alternative structures (transition of DNA between H and B forms). The application of AFM to studies of protein-DNA complexes is illustrated by a few examples of imaging site-specific complexes, as well as such systems as chromatin. The time-lapse AFM studies of protein-DNA complexes including very recent advances with the use of high-speed AFM are reviewed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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